Evolution is a group of e-mail programs along with activity planning lists and a calendar. The application also offers an e-mail address book. Start Evolution by selecting Applications-> Internet-> Email or the evolution command. Available menus, menu items, and toolbar icons vary depending on the open component. Use the left panel to select the information displayed on the right. The size...
Konqueror File Manager Konqueror is a web browser and file manager. It allows viewing of documents and images. Start Konqueror by clicking on the “house” icon in the panel or by pressing the Alt + F2 keys and entering the $ HOME conqueror. The contents of your home directory are displayed. The file manager window consists of the menu bar at the top of the screen, the toolbar and the...
Nautilus is the file manager for Unity desktop. Nautilus is the predecessor for file managers such as Nemo and Caja. Nautilus is also the file manager for GNOME Desktop, which has been renamed to Files. Nautilus is the default GNOME file manager A folder opens by double-clicking it when a window appears that displays its contents. Nautilus also has a browser interface. Right click on the folder...
The GNU Debugger, usually called GDB, is the standard debugger for the GNU software system. It is a portable debugger that runs on many Unix-like systems and works for many programming languages, including Ada, C, C ++, FreeBASIC, and Fortran. GDB was first published by Richard Stallman in 1986 as part of his GNU system after the GNU Emacs was “sufficiently stable.” GDB is free...
The term “open source” describes the practice of producing or developing certain finished products, allowing users to access the production or development process freely. Some specialists define the “open source” as a philosophical concept; others think it is a pragmatic methodology. Being very often used in software development, many programming specialists have the...
Bash is a scripting language compatible with shell commands. It can be executed either from the standard input or from a file. Bash Scripts are actually executable text files; these files can be edited with any text editor. These scripts are used to execute simple or complex commands. Bash is a Unix commands interpreter originally written by Brian Fox from the GNU Free Software Foundation. Bash...
Formerly known as the “APatCHy Server,” based on existing code and a series of “patch files“, the mature code name deserves to be linked to the native Apache tribe, well known for their superior attributes in strategy confrontations and extraordinary adaptation to the environment. Apache is an open source HTTP server. Apache has played and plays an essential role in web...
Vim means VI IMproved. It was known as Vi IMitation, but there are so many improvements that name change is warranted. Vim is a text editor that is included on almost all LINUX program commands as well as many other new ones. Orders are entered in the vi editor using only the keyboard, which has the advantage that you can keep your hands on the keyboard and your eyes on the screen instead of...
Based on the number of system calls the operating system is requesting, the interface between the operating system and the user programs is defined. To understand exactly what the operating system is doing, we need to look closely at this interface. The system calls provided by the interface vary from one operating system to another. In the following sections, we will examine some of the most...
A hyperlink or shorter link is a reference, link, navigation element in an electronic document to other parts of the same document, other documents or sections of other documents to which a user is sent when accessing the navigation element. More technically expressed, a hyperlink is a reference in hypertext, which makes it possible to perform a leap to another electronic document or to another...